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Some history worth remembering on the birthday of Martin Luther King...
A Forgotten Black-Jewish Alliance

by Dr. Rafael Medoff *
Reprinted from Arutz Sheva (Israel national News)

Dr. Medoff's article, reprinted from Arutz Sheva (Israel National News), a leading Zionist website, illuminates the character of the American political alliance that tried to save the European Jews, built support for the creation of the state of Israel and fought anti-Black segregation, during world War II.

Comments by TENC editor Jared Israel follow Dr. Medoff's text

[Posted 17 January 2005]

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For many in the American Jewish community, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday is an occasion to recall the important role that Jews played in the civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s. But few remember the earlier alliance between Jews and prominent African-Americans, in the 1940s, on the issues of rescuing Jews from the Holocaust and creating a Jewish state.

This forgotten Black-Jewish alliance was connected to a series of political action campaigns undertaken in the 1940s by an activist group led by Peter Bergson, a Zionist emissary from Jerusalem. The group's efforts won the support of a wide array of members of Congress, Hollywood celebrities and intellectuals, including numerous prominent African-Americans.

The Bergson group was initially known as the Committee for a Jewish Army. From 1940 to 1943, it sought the creation of a Jewish armed force that would fight alongside the Allies against the Nazis. Black labor union leader A. Philip Randolph, president of the International Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, was an early backer of Bergson's Jewish army effort. So was W. E. B. DuBois, the leading African-American intellectual of his era.

Eventually, the British agreed to establish the 5,000-man force, known as the Jewish Brigade. It fought with distinction on the European battlefield in 1945, and many of its veterans later took part in Israel's 1948 War of Independence.

When news of the mass murder of Europe's Jews reached the West in 1942-1943, Bergson created the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, to press the Roosevelt administration to rescue Jewish refugees.

Two of the most famous African-American authors of that period, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, were sponsors of the Bergson group's July 1943 Emergency Conference to Save the Jewish People of Europe. The conference, which was held in New York City, sought to counter the Roosevelt administration's claim that rescuing Jews from Hitler was physically impossible. More than 1,500 delegates listened to panels of experts on transportation, relief methods, military affairs and other fields, discussing specific, practical ways to save Jews from the Holocaust. One of the speakers was Walter White, executive director of the NAACP.

In addition, the famous Black singer, actor and political activist Paul Robeson was one of the stars of a Madison Square Garden "Show of Shows" organized by Bergson in 1944 to raise money for his campaign to rescue Jewish refugees.

The Emergency Committee's dramatic tactics included full-page newspaper ads, a march by over 400 rabbis to the White House just before Yom Kippur and a Congressional resolution urging the creation of a US government agency to rescue refugees. These efforts embarrassed the administration and compelled FDR to establish the War Refugee Board, which helped save an estimated 220,000 lives during the final fifteen months of the Holocaust.

After the war, Bergson turned his attention to the cause of creating a Jewish national homeland. He established the Hebrew Committee of National Liberation and the American League for a Free Palestine, which played an important role in mobilizing American public support for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Canada Lee, one of the most prominent Black actors of the 1940s, and Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., of Harlem -- the first African-American to represent New York in the US House of Representatives -- were supporters of Bergson's Jewish statehood campaign. At one Bergson group rally in 1948, Rev. Powell and the Irish-American lawyer Paul O'Dwyer stood backstage and watched while an ineffective speaker sought vainly to raise funds for Jewish statehood.

"Powell became impatient," O'Dwyer later recalled, "and whispered to me, 'This guy is blowing it. Paul, I think this calls for a Baptist minister and an Irish revolutionary. You handle that microphone over there and I'll handle this one.' In unison we rose and in unison we took the microphones gently away from [the speaker]. We collected $75,000 from the crowd that night."

During that same period, Walter White and the NAACP worked closely with the Bergson group to help bring about the desegregation of theaters in Baltimore, which restricted African-Americans to less desirable seats. In 1946, Bergson ally Ben Hecht, one of the most prominent screenwriters in Hollywood, authored a Broadway play called "A Flag is Born", to rally American public sympathy for the Jewish rebels battling the British for control of Palestine. On the eve of the staging of "Flag" at the Maryland Theater in Baltimore, the Bergson group and the NAACP joined hands to pressure the theater management to abandon its discriminatory seating policy -- "a tradition-shattering victory," as White called it.

A decade before the famous Black-Jewish alliance in the civil rights movement, prominent Blacks and Jews joined hands to support the Bergson group's campaigns to create a Jewish army, rescue Holocaust refugees, and establish a Jewish state -- and, in the process, helped desegregate Baltimore's theaters.

On the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday, that early collaboration between Jewish Americans and African-Americans is worth remembering.

Original URL: http://www.israelnationalnews.com/article.php3?id=4672

* Dr. Medoff is director of The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies, which focuses on issues related to America’s response to the Holocaust.

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Comments
by Jared Israel

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A couple of thoughts about Dr. Medoff's article, reprinted from Arutz Sheva, the Zionist website.

First, one of the much-repeated allegations against Israel is that the Zionists betrayed the European Jews in the hope that a slaughter would help build support for Israel.  But as Dr. Medoff correctly states, in the US it was the Bergson brothers, two members of the (very) Zionist Irgun, who mobilized the coalition that pressured Roosevelt to change the US policy of letting Hitler finish off the European Jews. From my own research, I can add that the Bergsons created the movement described by Dr. Medoff in the face of resistance from the mainstream Jewish organizations, which were far less Zionist. (This research will be posted soon.)

Second, supporters of the PLO have rewritten the history of the 1940s so that the Arab League appears as a progressive force resisting Jewish colonialism.  But in fact, while Hajj Amin al-Husseini, whose movement  forged the current Palestinian leadership, was organizing Waffen SS divisions to fight in Bosnia and Stalingrad for Hitler, who like all modern racists, loathed Black people and Jews in equal measure, the militantly Zionist Bergsons were working with eminent Black leaders (including leftists like Paul Robeson and W. E. B Dubois) to defend the Jews from Hitler's murderers, create the state of Israel, and oppose segregation in the US.

Third, the alliance of Black people and Jews was rooted not only in resistance to Hitler, but also in the fight against the home-grown racism of the Eugenics movement, sponsored by the US establishment. One of the first steps in making the Holocaust possible was the  Johnson-Reed Immigration act of 1924, which essentially eliminated the US as a haven of escape for persecuted European Jews. That act was past based on the 'evidence' of lies fabricated by the founders of IQ testing and disseminated by them and by the Eugenics movement, according to which Black people, poor whites, and South and East European immigrants - particularly Jews - were mentally defective and prone to crime. The effect of that propaganda was to encourage a climate of tolerance towards Hitler's murder of the Jews, to shut off the immigration escape route, and to 'justify' the violent discrimination against Black people, known as segregation.

There is now an attempt to resurrect the 'ideas' of the eugenics movement. This attempt is discussed and the ideas are refuted in the book, "Resurrecting Racism: The current attack on Black people using phony science," being posted on Emperor's Clothes.
http://www.tenc.net/#contents

Jared Israel
Editor, Emperor's Clothes

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